动物的基本JavaScript原型和继承示例

问题描述：

我正在尝试用非常简单的例子来掌握OOP。

I'm trying to grasp OOP with JavaScript with very simple examples.

我的目标是以Animals为例创建一个类层次结构。

My goal is to create a class hierarchy with Animals as the example.

在简化的动物层次结构中，我们可能会看到如下内容：

In a simplified animal hierarchy we may see something like this:

          Animal
            /\
    Mammal     Reptile
      /\          /\
  Human Dog  Snake Alligator

我想采用这个例子并在JavaScript中创建类。这是我的尝试。我该怎么做才能让它变得更好？

I want to take this example and create classes within JavaScript. Here is my attempt. What can I do to make it better?

function Animal(name) {
    this.name = name;
    }

function Mammal() {
    this.hasHair = true;
    this.numEyes = 2;
    this.blood = "warm";
}

function Dog(breed) {
    this.breed = breed;
    this.numLegs = 4;
}

Dog.prototype = new Animal("Fido");
Dog.prototype = new Mammal();

var Fido = new Dog("Lab");

console.log(Fido.name); // returns undefined when i want it to return Fido
console.log(Fido.hasHair); // returns true as expected
console.log(Fido.breed); // returns lab as expected

我想做的是让狗延长哺乳动物的属性和动物，因为它是两个但它不能正常工作。我假设是因为我在新的Animal（）之后调用dog.prototype = new Mammal（）它覆盖了连接。

What I would like to do is have dog extend the properties of Mammal and Animal since it is both but it is not working correctly. I am assuming because i'm calling dog.prototype = new Mammal() after new Animal() that it is overwriting the connection.

我如何正确地写出这些类，以便我可以调用其父类的所有属性？

How do I properly write out these classes so that I can call all properties of their parent classes?

谢谢。

答

你想要使用原型继承，它在Javascript中有点笨拙而且功能强大。

You want to make use of Prototypical Inheritance, which in Javascript is a bit awkward but powerful.

function Animal(name) {
   this.name = name;
}

// Example method on the Animal object
Animal.prototype.getName = function() {
    return this.name;
}

function Mammal(name, hasHair) {
    // Use the parent constructor and set the correct `this`
    Animal.call(this, name);

    this.hasHair = hasHair;
}

// Inherit the Animal prototype
Mammal.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);

// Set the Mammal constructor to 'Mammal'
Mammal.prototype.constructor = Mammal;

Mammal.prototype.getHasHair = function() {
    return this.hasHair;
}

function Dog(name, breed) {
    // Use the parent constructor and set the correct `this`
    // Assume the dog has hair
    Mammal.call(this, name, true);

    this.breed = breed;
}

// Inherit the Mammal prototype
Dog.prototype = Object.create(Mammal.prototype);

// Set the Dog constructor to 'Dog'
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;

Dog.prototype.getBreed = function() {
    return this.breed;
}

var fido = new Dog('Fido', 'Lab');

fido.getName();  // 'Fido'
fido.getHasHair(); // true
fido.getBreed(); // 'Lab'

可以在 Mozilla开发者网络

动物的基本JavaScript原型和继承示例

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