【UNIX高级编程】关于UNIX编程环境的配备（apue.h和error.h）

【UNIX高级编程】关于UNIX编程环境的配置（apue.h和error.h）

一，配置

apue.h是作者自己写的一个文件，包含了常用的头文件，系统不自带。其中包含了常用的头文件，以及出错处理函数的定义。使用起来确实很方便。

想要使用，还要进行下面操作，完成相关配置.

在http://www.apuebook.com/下载src.tar.gz源代码的压缩包。

1、解压至/home/user/目录下

   2、修改 Make.defines.linux中的WKDIR=/home/xxx/apue.2e，为WKDIR=/home/user/apue.2e

   3、返回至apue.2e目录下面，修改linux.mk，将里面的nawk全部改为awk，可以使用这个命令：%s/nawk/awk/g

   4、make

   5、将/home/user/apue.2e/include/apue.h和/home/user/apue.2e/lib/error.c复制到/usr/include目录下

二，要拷贝的apue.h和error.c文件如下：（可以直接复制并拷贝到/usr/include下）

apue.h （添加了一行 #include <error.c>）

/* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */

#ifndef	_APUE_H
#define	_APUE_H

#if defined(SOLARIS)
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE	500	/* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2  for Solaris 9 */
#define CMSG_LEN(x)	_CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x))
#elif !defined(BSD)
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE	600	/* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */
#endif

#include <sys/types.h>		/* some systems still require this */
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/termios.h>	/* for winsize */
#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>		/* for convenience */
#include <stdlib.h>		/* for convenience */
#include <stddef.h>		/* for offsetof */
#include <string.h>		/* for convenience */
#include <unistd.h>		/* for convenience */
#include <signal.h>		/* for SIG_ERR */

#define	MAXLINE	4096			/* max line length */

/*
 * Default file access permissions for new files.
 */
#define	FILE_MODE	(S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)

/*
 * Default permissions for new directories.
 */
#define	DIR_MODE	(FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)

typedef	void	Sigfunc(int);	/* for signal handlers */

#if	defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)
#define	SIG_ERR	((Sigfunc *)-1)
#endif

#define	min(a,b)	((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define	max(a,b)	((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

/*
 * Prototypes for our own functions.
 */
char	*path_alloc(int *);				/* {Prog pathalloc} */
long	 open_max(void);				/* {Prog openmax} */
void	 clr_fl(int, int);				/* {Prog setfl} */
void	 set_fl(int, int);				/* {Prog setfl} */
void	 pr_exit(int);					/* {Prog prexit} */
void	 pr_mask(const char *);			/* {Prog prmask} */
Sigfunc	*signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);	/* {Prog signal_intr_function} */

int		 tty_cbreak(int);				/* {Prog raw} */
int		 tty_raw(int);					/* {Prog raw} */
int		 tty_reset(int);				/* {Prog raw} */
void	 tty_atexit(void);				/* {Prog raw} */
#ifdef	ECHO	/* only if <termios.h> has been included */
struct termios	*tty_termios(void);		/* {Prog raw} */
#endif

void	 sleep_us(unsigned int);			/* {Ex sleepus} */
ssize_t	 readn(int, void *, size_t);		/* {Prog readn_writen} */
ssize_t	 writen(int, const void *, size_t);	/* {Prog readn_writen} */
void	 daemonize(const char *);			/* {Prog daemoninit} */

int		 s_pipe(int *);					/* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */
int		 recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,
		         const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */
int		 send_fd(int, int);				/* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */
int		 send_err(int, int,
		          const char *);		/* {Prog senderr} */
int		 serv_listen(const char *);		/* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */
int		 serv_accept(int, uid_t *);		/* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */
int		 cli_conn(const char *);		/* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */
int		 buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,
		          char **));			/* {Prog bufargs} */

int		 ptym_open(char *, int);	/* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */
int		 ptys_open(char *);			/* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */
#ifdef	TIOCGWINSZ
pid_t	 pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,
		          const struct winsize *);		/* {Prog ptyfork} */
#endif

int		lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */
#define	read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define	readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define	write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define	writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define	un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

pid_t	lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);		/* {Prog locktest} */

#define	is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
#define	is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \
			(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

void	err_dump(const char *, ...);		/* {App misc_source} */
void	err_msg(const char *, ...);
void	err_quit(const char *, ...);
void	err_exit(int, const char *, ...);
void	err_ret(const char *, ...);
void	err_sys(const char *, ...);

void	log_msg(const char *, ...);			/* {App misc_source} */
void	log_open(const char *, int, int);
void	log_quit(const char *, ...);
void	log_ret(const char *, ...);
void	log_sys(const char *, ...);

void	TELL_WAIT(void);		/* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */
void	TELL_PARENT(pid_t);
void	TELL_CHILD(pid_t);
void	WAIT_PARENT(void);
void	WAIT_CHILD(void);

#include "error.c" 
#endif	/* _APUE_H */

error.c

#include "apue.h"
#include <errno.h>		/* for definition of errno */
#include <stdarg.h>		/* ISO C variable aruments */

static void	err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);

/*
 * Nonfatal error related to a system call.
 * Print a message and return.
 */
void
err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}

/*
 * Fatal error related to a system call.
 * Print a message and terminate.
 */
void
err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
}

/*
 * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 * Error code passed as explict parameter.
 * Print a message and terminate.
 */
void
err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
}

/*
 * Fatal error related to a system call.
 * Print a message, dump core, and terminate.
 */
void
err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	abort();		/* dump core and terminate */
	exit(1);		/* shouldn't get here */
}

/*
 * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
 * Print a message and return.
 */
void
err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}

/*
 * Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 * Print a message and terminate.
 */
void
err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(1);
}

/*
 * Print a message and return to caller.
 * Caller specifies "errnoflag".
 */
static void
err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	char	buf[MAXLINE];

	vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);
	if (errnoflag)
		snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s",
		  strerror(error));
	strcat(buf, "\n");
	fflush(stdout);		/* in case stdout and stderr are the same */
	fputs(buf, stderr);
	fflush(NULL);		/* flushes all stdio output streams */
}

三，示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dirent.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    DIR        *dp;
    struct dirent    *dirp;
    if(argc!=2)
    {
        printf("Usage: ls directory_name\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if((dp=opendir(argv[1]))==NULL)
        printf("can't open %s\n", argv[1]);
    while((dirp = readdir(dp))!=NULL)
        printf("%s\n", dirp->d_name);

    closedir(dp);
    return 0;
}

【UNIX高级编程】关于UNIX编程环境的配备（apue.h和error.h）

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