spring security进阶 使用数据库中的账户和密码认证 spring security 使用数据库中的账户和密码认证

示例工程地址

一、原理分析

前台的登录请求发送到后端后会由spring security进行拦截，即controller层由框架自己提供。这样用户名和密码的认证就需要在service层完成,所以框架需要在service层获取到我们自己的数据库账号信息。

spring security 提供了一个接口 **UserDetailsService **来让用户提供账号和密码,其内容如下

public interface UserDetailsService {
	UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;
}

用户实现这个接口中的loadUserByUsername方法，通过数据库中查询的账号和密码构造一个UserDetails对象返回给spring security，然后框架自己完成认证操作。

其中UserDetails也是一个接口，spring security用它来封装当前进行认证的用户信息

public interface UserDetails extends Serializable {
    Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
    String getPassword();
    String getUsername();
    boolean isAccountNonExpired();
    boolean isAccountNonLocked();
    boolean isCredentialsNonExpired();
    boolean isEnabled();
}

spring security 自己提供了一个实现类我们可以直接使用,以下是User中的部分代码

public class User implements UserDetails, CredentialsContainer {
private String password;
private final String username;
private final Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities;
private final boolean accountNonExpired; //帐户是否过期
private final boolean accountNonLocked; //帐户是否锁定
private final boolean credentialsNonExpired; //认证是否过期
private final boolean enabled; //帐户是否可用
｝

所以，使用数据库完成认证的关键就是实现UserDetailsService接口，并在loadUserByUsername方法中封装一个框架需要的UserDetails对象，即User对象返回给框架，由框架完成后续的认证操作。

同时需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用来认证的userService 的bean

二、代码实现

1.新建一个javaWeb工程

新建一个javaweb工程,导入相关依赖,pom文件的内容如下

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lyy</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring_security_1</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>spring_security_1 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
    <spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>        <!-- log start -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>        <!-- log end -->

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>${mysql.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1.2</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
      <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.7</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.16.16</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
              <configuration>
                <port>80</port>
                <path>/</path>
                <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                <server>tomcat7</server>
              </configuration>
      </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

在web.xml中配置spring security的过滤器

web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">

    <display-name>spring security 01</display-name>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml,classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- 配置监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- 解决中文乱码过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

整合spring和mybatis,spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml

spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描，管理service和dao -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lyy.service">
    </context:component-scan>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lyy.dao">

    </context:component-scan>

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    <!-- 配置连接池 -->
    <bean >
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置SqlSessionFactory工厂-->
    <bean >
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.lyy.domain"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置Dao接口所在包-->
    <bean >
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.lyy.dao"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置Spring的声明式事务管理 -->
    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean >
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

spring security配置文件

spring security的配置文件的内容,spring-security.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">

    <!--spring-security的入门配置-->

    <!--配置哪些资源不会被拦截 /xxx表示根路径下的某个资源-->
    <security:http security="none" pattern="/login.html"/>
    <security:http security="none" pattern="/failed.html"/>

    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false">
        <!-- 配置链接地址，表示任意路径都需要ROLE_USER权限,这里可以配置
         一个逗号隔开的角色列表-->
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER"/>

        <!--自定义登录页面-->
        <security:form-login login-page="/login.html" login-processing-url="/login"
                             username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password"
                             authentication-failure-forward-url="/failed.html"
                             default-target-url="/index.html"

        />
        <!--关闭csrf,默认是开启的-->
        <security:csrf disabled="true"/>

        <!-- 退出 -->
        <security:logout invalidate-session="true" logout-url="/logout.do" logout-success-url="/login.html" />
    </security:http>
    <security:authentication-manager>
        <!--配置使用给定的userservice完成认证-->
        <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="userService">
        </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>

</beans>

在这个配置文件中要注意的是配置用来认证的userService Bean

<!--配置使用给定的userservice完成认证-->
<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="userService">

创建登录页面和登录失败的页面login.html,failed.html

2.用户认证的实现

新建一个IUserService接口继承UserDetailsService

package com.lyy.service;

import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;

public interface IUserService extends UserDetailsService {

}

实现类如下

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

    @Autowired
    private IUserDao userDao;

    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        UserInfo userInfo = userDao.findByUsername(username);
        User user=new User(userInfo.getUsername(),"{noop}"+userInfo.getPassword(),getRoles());
        return user;
    }

    /*给用户赋值角色信息*/
    private List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> getRoles(){
        List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> list=new ArrayList<SimpleGrantedAuthority>();
        list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"));
        list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"));
        return list;
    }
}

其中在loadUserByUsername方法中完成查询数据库信息，封装成框架需要的用户信息。

注意 :

UserInfo是封装数据库用户信息的实体类

getRoles用来给用户赋角色信息，spring security认证时用户必须有角色信息，角色信息可以从数据库中查询，在这里直接在代理中写固定值来示意。

用户密码中拼接的"{noop}"字符串是因为我们没有对密码进行加密，所以要告诉框架认证密码时不需要加密。

3.测试

启动工程，访问localhost,会跳转到登录页面，输入数据库中存在的账户和密码就会登录成功并跳转到首页index.html

三、总结

使用数据库完成认证的关键就是实现UserDetailsService接口，并在loadUserByUsername方法中封装一个框架需要的UserDetails对象，即User对象返回给框架，由框架完成后续的认证操作。

同时需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用来认证的userService 的bean，即实现了loadUserByUsername方法的userService

如果需要查看示例工程的具体代码，可以点击下方的链接在码云上查看
示例工程地址