Ubantu下部署Flask项目安装与配置 1.nginx 2. uWSGI安装 3.基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django
安装
sudo apt-get install nginx
启动,停止和重启
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
或者
sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart
2. uWSGI安装
用蟒蛇的PIP安装最简单:
sudo apt-get install python-dev #不安装这个,下面的安装可能会失败
sudo pip install uwsgi
3.基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django
1.原理
基于nginx的和uwsgi部署的Django后,从客户端发起请求到服务器响应请求,会经过一下几个环节:
the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django
2.基本测试
测试uWSGI是否正常
在Django的项目的根目录下创建test.py文件,添加源码如下:
# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return ["Hello World"] # python2
#return [b"Hello World"] # python3
然后,运行uWSGI:
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
参数含义:
-
http :8000
:使用http协议,8000端口 -
wsgi-file
test.py:加载指定文件test.py
打开下面的网址,浏览器上应该显示hello world
http://example.com:8000
如果显示正确,说明下面3个环节是通畅的:
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python
测试Django的项目是否正常
首先确保项目本身是正常的:
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
如果没问题,使用uWSGI把项目拉起来:
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
-
module mysite.wsgi
:加载wsgi模块
如果项目能够正常被拉起,说明以下环节是通的:
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django
3.配置nginx的
安装nginx的完成后,如果能正常打开http://hostname
,说明下面环节是通畅的:
the web client <-> the web server
增加nginx的配置
-
将
uwsgi_params
文件拷贝产品到项目文件夹数下,uwsgi_params
文件在/etc/nginx/
目录下,可以也。从这个页面下载 -
在项目文件夹下创建文件
mysite_nginx.conf
,填入并修改下面内容:
# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen 8000;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf-8;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
# Django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
}
location /static {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
}
# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
这个配置文件告诉nginx的从文件系统中拉起媒体和静态文件作为服务,同时相应的django的请求
在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
目录下创建³³本。文件的连接,使nginx的能够使用它:
sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
部署静态文件
在Django中的设置文件中,添加下面一行内容:
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")
然后运行:
python manage.py collectstatic
测试nginx的
首先重启nginx的服务:
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
然后检查media文件是否已经正常拉起:在目录/path/to/your/project/project/media directory
下添加文件meida.png
,然后访问http://example.com:8000/media/media.png,成功后进行下一步测试。
4.nginx和uWSGI以及test.py
执行下面代码测试能否让nginx的在页面上显示hello, world
uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
访问http://example.com:8000,如果显示hello world
,则下面环节是否通畅:
the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python
用UNIX socket取代TCP端口
对mysite_nginx.conf
做如下修改:
server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
# server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
重启nginx的,并在此运行uWSGI
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py
打开http://example.com:8000/,看看是否成功
如果没有成功:
检查nginx错误日志(/var/log/nginx/error.log)。如果错误如下:
connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission
denied)
添加插座权限再次运行:
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)
要么
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)
5.使用uswgi和nginx运行Django应用程序
如果上面一切都显示正常,则下面命令可以拉起django应用
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664
配置uWSGI以使用.ini文件运行
每次都运行上面命令拉起django application实在麻烦,使用.ini文件能简化工作,方法如下:
在应用程序目录下创建文件mysite_uwsgi.ini
,填入并修改下面内容:
# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]
# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /path/to/your/project
# Django's wsgi file
module = project.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home = /path/to/virtualenv
# process-related settings
# master
master = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chmod-socket = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
现在,只要执行以下命令,就能够拉起django应用程序:
uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file
在系统引导时使uWSGI启动
编辑文件/etc/rc.local
,添加下面内容到这行代码之前exit 0
:
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666
uWSGI的更多配置
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable
pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile
harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds
limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB
max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log